Monday, September 9, 2013

Laowai Life. Also, 1000 views!

Nimen hao pengyou min!  I'd like to start today by making an exciting announcement.  I logged in today to see that my page was at exactly 1000 views!  I know this isn't much, but it's a lot to me!  Thank you so much, and I hope you continue to follow my (mis)adventures, and maybe even tell your friends.

I might not be in college anymore, but I'm still a "student of life", to quote a mentor of mine!  So at the urging of some friends, from now on I won't just be posting cool linguistic stuff, but also interesting things that happen to me in my travels.

As I've mentioned, right now I'm an English teacher in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China:


I'm pretty much living the dream now, since all I've wanted to do since high school is travel around and learn other people's languages while I teach them mine.

In high school and college I surrounded myself with books of travel and expat blogs-in particular the excellent Gaijinsmash, which I consider an enormous inspiration; the author Az's writing style had, and continues to have, a profound effect on my own.  Indeed, his experience in Japan is in many ways one of the greatest pull-factors in my own coming to Asia.  If you haven't read his work, click the link right now.  Great stuff.

So, at the first chance I got, I left the States, where the job situation for a newly graduated linguistics major could only lead to one place: in front of my old Nintendo Gamecube in my parents' basement.  Now I wander the earth in my quest to become a great linguist!*

Teaching English in China, for people like me who are new to the game, usually means working in private English training schools of varying quality/dubiosity.  The one where I'm working now is internationally recognized and relatively accountable, but that doesn't make it perfect, or in many cases even good.  Basically it's a place where rich people send their kids to get, first and foremost, experience interacting with foreigners, and secondly speak English outside of their regular classes, which are by and large abysmal in quality.  The Confucian "do-everything-as-told-when-told-and-forget-about-individual-creativity" system has its place (educating Ming Dynasty gentleman-scholars for the imperial exams, for example) but it is not, in my opinion, the language classroom.

The emphasis on "come see the foreigners, kids!" rather than quality language education means that my job is less teacher, and more somewhere in between babysitter and performing monkey.  As I've said, the kids here are all from rich families, and if the parents bought the course they all get certificates at the end regardless of whether they've actually learned anything.  In that sense we're less school and more diploma mill.  Indeed, there's less emphasis on placing a kid in a class appropriate to his level than there is on closing the deal and putting him in a class that's running.

Let it not be said, however, that I am unhappy with my lot. Quite the contrary.  I consider myself privileged to be here.  For one thing I am providing my kids with what for many of them is their first interaction with foreigners.  That's pretty special.  For another I make 3 times the average salary here.  It's like making six figures right out of college, especially when the free apartment is considered.  For another I have the opportunity to really experiment and grow as a teacher, and get experience with kids, which never were and, I think, never will be my strong suit.  I am fortunate to have a boss who is a true master in the field of education (but on the other hand has all the personality and warmth of a chess computer with Asperger's) and a supportive team of coworkers.  Please, therefore, look forward to posts about life in China!

*The very best, like no one ever was

Thursday, September 5, 2013

I'm back!  I've been living in Hangzhou, PR China since the last post, and due to government censorship  and my own lack of a computer this is the first I've been able to make a post.  Stories about life in China to follow in the next week.

Friday, April 5, 2013

Lesson #6: Sik bremaŋ, ɨnam ekam ko qibaŋ

Lesson 6: Sik bremaŋ, ɨnam ekam qo qibaŋ

Goal: Students introduced to Ket seasons and nomadizing patterns.  Learn cardinal and ordinal numbers to twenty, as well as months of the year.

Vocab
Time, season: Brema (from Russian vremja)
Month, moon: Qib
Every: Kasna
Day's journey: Itaŋ (i' "day" + taŋ "drag")
Year: Sɨ

Autumn: Qogd(i)
Winter: Kət
Spring: ɨr
Summer: Sil
Cold: Ta'j
Hunting grounds: Kəjbaŋ kə'j "go out" + ba'ŋ "earth"
Together: Qujbaŋ
Now: En

Numbers:
1: Qus, Quk
2: ɨn
3: doŋ
4: Sik
5: Qak
6: As
7: O'n (this word also means "many")
8: ɨnam bənsaŋ qo (lit. two from ten)
9: qusam bənsaŋ qo
10: qo
20: e'k

Months: There are two ways to name the months in Ket: the first is to use the recent Russian loan + qib.  But that's no fun, and it keeps us from learning about what happened at different times throughout the traditional Ket year.
January: Qà holan eqŋ qib "The big short-days month"
February: Qaetaŋ qib "the elk migration month" (qaj "elk" + itaŋ "day of nomadizing" + qib)
March: Diqib "eagle month" (di' "eagle")
April: Qonɨb "chipmunk month" (qo'p "chipmunk)
May: Qudebəlqib "Pike Spawning Month"
June: Danqib "Grass month".  Unfortunately, this was also known as qalas qib "tribute month".
July: The first half was known as Kubənnaqib "dabbling ducks' month".  The second half was Ulbənna qib "diving ducks' month".  Also, su-sil qib "midsummer month" or Sulaŋtaŋ qib "white salmon fishing month"
August: Sujdəqŋ qib "mosquitoes-living month", or Eltij qib "berry-picking month"
September: əŋdeqŋqib "falling leaves month"
October: Ba'ŋtelqib "earth-freezing month"
November: Tabeiŋqib "dogs-hunting month"
December: Həna holan eqŋ qib "the small short-days month"

Grammar: Ket numerals can be suffixed to predicate form with "-am" with the meaning "it is" when standing by themselves (for instance, when counting we can say "qusam, ɨnam, doŋam...".  We can also use this with interrogative Anun "how many", but if we say the name of the thing we're counting, we drop -am suffix.  For example:

A: Tune isan anun? ("How many fish are those?")
B: Doŋam. ("Three of them")

But:

A: Tune isan anun?
B: Tune doŋ isan. ("Those are three fish")

Ordinal numbers add the nominalizer -s to the predicate.  This gives us words like qusamas "first", ekamas "twentieth", etc.  

For constructions between 11 and 17, we can say (number) ekam qo "beyond ten".  18 and 19 are subtracted from twenty the same way 8 and 9 are from ten.  Therefore, sikam ekam qo "fourteen", asam ekam qokamas "sixteenth", qusam bənsaŋ ekam "there are nineteen".

Lesson: Read this piece about the Ket year, and answer the questions.  Keep an eye out for adessive postposition -diŋta, which as we've discussed is often used instead of locative when discussing some non-sentient location.  There's a translation into English after the questions, but don't look at it unless you really need it!

Ostɨkanna Utis Deŋna Sɨ: Qukamas brema ɨr.  Ostɨganna utis de'ŋ qusqa dukadaqan.  ɨnamas brema sil.  Kasna sil de'ŋ aseleneŋqa dukadaqan.  Sil suj baŋdiŋta, haj utis de'ŋ sesdiŋta.  Qogd, kət haj ɨr buŋ hɨssejdiŋnta.  Doŋamas brema qogd.  En utis de'ŋ haj qusqa.  Sikamas brema kət.  Kət qà ta'j!  Am haj dɨlgit baŋŋusqa dukadakan.  Ob haj qà higbiséèbaŋ bən qaseŋ--buŋ kəjbaŋdiŋta.

1. Kasna qogd utis de'ŋ aseleneŋqa dukadaqan?
2. Ostɨkan kasna sil biseŋ?
3. Sil baŋdiŋta akus?
4. Kasna kət baŋŋusqa anetaŋ?
5. Kət ob, qà higbiséèbaŋ biseŋ?

English:
A Ket Family's Year: The first season is spring.  Every spring the Ket family lives in a birchbark teepee.  The second season is summer.  Every summer people live in houseboats.  In summer mosquitoes are on the land, and the family is on the river.  In fall, winter and spring they're in the forest.  Now, also, the family lives in a birchbark teepee.  The fourth season is winter.  Winter is very cold!  The mother and kids stay in the earthen shelter.  Dad and the older brothers aren't there--they're at the hunting grounds.

Homework: Here are some number questions.  I've phrased them as simple math problems, e.g. "how much is three from seven?".  Try to find the proper names for the numbers, even if the true ket name for the number translates to something like "two from ten!"  (Hint: remember that ekam "beyond, plus" is different from ekam "there are twenty".  You can tell which is which by position in the sentence.)

1. Sikam bənsaŋ ekam anun?
2. Onam ekam asam anun?
3. Doŋam ekam qo anun?
4. ɨnam bənsaŋ onam anun?
5. qusam bənsaŋ qo bənsaŋ qakam ekam qo anun?

Wednesday, April 3, 2013

Lesson 5: B'utis Deŋna Iŋŋus


Lesson 5: B'utis Deŋna Iŋŋus

Goal: Students are exposed to possessive postposition and first verb -daq “to live”. Reading comprehension and recognition of errors therein.

Vocabulary: Here is a list of new words you will encounter in today's reading.
  • Habta—it is located
  • Eluk—Yelogui River
  • Eŋŋuŋ—Village
  • Dateŋ(s)—Clean (one)
  • Kət—Winter
  • Ovɨlde—One way of saying “it was”
  • Us(am)—(It is) warm
  • Bokkɨt—Heat (bo'k: fire)
  • Teŋgat—Oven
  • Qak—five
  • Usaŋ: sleeping, asleep
  • Dejbokoin—I'm still working this one out. It appears to be a transitive verb. Here is my best guess at a gloss: Dej- “3p.SJ”, -b- “3p.dirOBJ”, -oko- “nonpast tense” -in “verb stem”. I've been looking in Werner's dictionary for something like this, but have only found the verb for “to hide” in, which wouldn't really make sense in this context. It must be something that has to do with naming, since it goes between bu “he” and a proper name. I probably just don't know enough Ket.
  • Kalavels—guard

Grammar:
The first thing to talk about this lesson is the possessive postposition, which functions similarly to the locative, but has several different forms that we need to remember. Here is a chart of the endings.

Masc. Singular Masc. Plural Fem. Singular Fem. Plural Inan. Singular Inan. Plural
-da, as in Siragatsda “teacher's” -na, as in Siragatsanna “teachers'” -d(i), as in Qimsiragatsdi “female teacher's” -na, as in Qimsiragatsanna “female teachers'” -d(i), as in suuldi “sled's” -d, as in “suulaŋd” “sleds'”

Next, let's look at our first verb. Unlike any other verb system in the area, Yeniseian (and therefore Ket) verbs use a prefixing, rather than suffixing, system. This is one of the strongest evidences of a possible connection to the Na-Dene languages of North America. There are eight “slots” which we can use to modify verbs, but don't worry—we won't tackle all of them at once. Today we'll look at the verb -daq “to live, stay”. First let's start by looking at a fully conjugated example of the verb.
Buŋ du-ga-daq-an hɨssej-qa
They 3pPl.-NONPAST-live-Pl. forest-LOC
They live in the forest.”

As you can see, the conjugation occurs in the first part of the verb, followed by tense, followed by the verb stem itself. Many verbs include the de facto stem earlier in the verb (position 7, to be exact, but you needn't remember this now), as a result of being surrounded by suffixing-verb languages for thousands of years, but the important thing is to remember that Yeniseic roots have historically been toward the end of the verb.

Here is a present-tense conjugation chart for -daq. (A reminder: intervocalic /-d-/ surfaces as [-ɾ-], /-k-/ as [-ɣ-], and /-q-/ as [-ʁ-]! Make sure your pronunciation is good.)

At di-ka-daq “I live”
Ətn di-ka-daq-an “we live”
U ku-ka-daq “You live”
Əkŋ ku-ka-daq-an “You all live”
Bu du-ka-daq “he lives”, də-ka-daq “she/it lives”
Buŋ du-ka-daq-an “they live”
So, as you can see, Ket verbs are not that difficult with practice. The first part of the verb marks conjugation, and -ka- marks nonpast tense. Below is the past tense for -daq:

At di-ol-daq “I lived”
Ətn di-ol-daq-an “We lived”
U ku-ol-daq “You lived”
Əkŋ ku-ol-daq-an “You all lived”
Bu du-ol-daq “he lived”,
Buŋ du-ol-daq-an “They lived”

In this case the past is marked by -ol-.

Please note that this is only one form of intransitive verb, but for now try to memorize these conjugations and patterns.

Lesson: This reading assignment was taken from Nikolaeva's 3rd-Grade Ket Reader. See the bottom of the text for full citation. Although this is good basic practice, the Ket in this reading is highly Russianized—we can tell that it's a word-for-word translation from Russian (not to say that my own Ket would be any better! I'm still a beginner.) For example, the title of the piece is Iŋŋus Ovaŋna “my parents' house”, but really would sound more like “house my parents'” to a totally fluent Ket speaker. Compare with this lesson's title, B'utis Deŋna Iŋŋus “My family's house”. The reason for the faulty word order in the title is clear if you're a Russian speaker, as Dom roditelej “parents' house”, lit. “house parent.GEN-pl”. That said, here is the text, with an English translation below. Try not to look at the English until you've made an effort to understand everything on your own!

Iŋŋus Ovaŋna: Ətna iŋŋus--iŋŋus ovaŋna habta ulbanŋtdiŋa Eluk eŋŋuŋ Kellog.  Iŋŋus qà haj dateŋs.  
Kət ovɨlde qà usam.  Bokkɨt, iŋŋus qà təŋŋat.  Kiseŋ dukadaq qak de'ŋ: Op, Am, Qip, Qima haj at.
 Ətna usaŋ tip.  Bu dejbokoin Sobol.  Sobol aqta kalabels.

The House of My Parents: Our house—the house of my parents stands on the shore of the Yelugui, in the village of Kellog. The house is a big, clean one. In winter it was very warm. The house is heated by a big oven. Here live five people: Dad, Mom, Grandpa, Grandma and I. Our dog is asleep. He is named (dejbokoin?) Sable. Sable is a good guard.


Homework: Look at the verb "live" in the text.  Is it conjugated properly?  If not, conjugate it as it should be done.  Whether or not you think it is conjugated properly, explain your reasoning.

Source: Nikolaeva, G., and V. Bondareva. Der' Knigaŋ. St. Petersburg: Publishing Branch "Education", 2002. 4. Print.

Tuesday, April 2, 2013

Changes in Orthoraphy



From now on, my orthography for tones is as follows:

High Even: vowel without diacritic, e.g. at "I"
Rising/Falling: double vowel, e.g. suul "sled"
Falling: down-tone marker, e.g. sèl "reindeer"
Glottalized: apostrophe, e.g. a't "bone, relative"

Thursday, March 21, 2013

Lesson Plan 4: Qusqa anetaŋ? B'utis de'ŋ!

Lesson Plan 4: Qusqa anetaŋ? B'utis de'ŋ!

(note: henceforth I will not use diacritics to mark high-even tone.  In a monosyllabic word with no diacritic, assume high-even tone)

Objective: Students continue to use locative, talk about family membners and objects in a qu's.

Preparation: Teacher and students should bring to class a photo of their families.

Vocab:

  • Utis de'ŋ: family
  • Am: mother
  • Ob: father
  • dɨl(git): child (diminutive suffix)
  • Hu'ŋ: daughter
  • Hɨ'b: son (historically ke't referred to one's children)
  • Biséèb: sibling (add hig- or qim- to refer to brother or sister, and qà- "big, very" or hɨna- "small" to specify older vs. younger, e.g. hɨna higbiséèb "younger brother")
  • Tib: dog (plural: tab)
  • Allel: female guardian spirit doll
  • Daŋŋols: image of dead ancestor
  • Bo'k: fire (fem.)
  • Bakŋ: fireplace
  • La'm: chair
  • Oŋnas: bed
  • Untij: birchbark container
  • Tɨ'n: kettle, pot
  • Bi': generic thing
Classroom Procedure:
  1. Ture akus? review.  Go over plurals, demonstratives one more time. (10 mins)
  2. Review "who" constructions.  There are four different words for "who" so this is important to review. (5-10 mins)
  3. Teacher shows picture of his/her family.  Introduce each member using familial terms, names, etc.  Students practice with each other. (10 mins)
  4. Teacher draws qu's on board, with different family members inside.  Elicit correct responses from students. (10 mins)
  5. Teacher does same thing with Ket household (or qu's-hold) objects in different combinations. (10 mins)
Homework:

1. There is a lot of vocabulary here, so practice by repeating each new word enough to fill one line on a sheet of paper.
2. Iriŋilketin kine ostɨkanbes.
  • What is that big thing over there?
  • In the birchbark teepee is my family and dog.
  • My father is in bed.
  • The birchbark box is in our little earthen shelter.
  • My older sister and dogs are in the forest.

Lesson Plan #3: Ture akus? Ture biseŋ?

Objective: Students identify vocab with "this is..." construction, and begin to use locative case.

Vocab:
  • Qu's: tent, birchbark teepee
  • Āks: tree
  • Aselen: summer houseboat
  • Iŋŋus: house
  • Baŋŋus: winter earthen shelter (ba'ŋ "earth" + qu's)
  • Súùl: Sled
  • Sēs: river
  • Ulbaŋ: Shore (ūl "water" + ba'ŋ)
  • Hɨssej: forest
  • Ēs: sky (also "god", "heaven")
  • Qà: big, very
  • Hɨna: small
Grammar:
  • In this lesson you will learn the locative postposition, formed simply by adding -qa to the noun you want to modify.  So, we can have constructions like qusqa "at home".  As a stylistic option with non-sentient nouns, we can use an addessive ending, but for now let's stick to locative.
  • New interrogative: biseŋ "where".  Similar construction: kiseŋ "here", tuseŋ, qaseŋ "there".  E.g. "Ū biseŋ-gu?" "Āt qusqa"  "where are you?" "I'm at home". "Bū biseŋ-du?" " qaseŋ-du." "Where is he/she?" "He/she's over there."
Classroom procedure:
  1. Review greetings, introductions, time of day (15-20 mins.)
  2. Show picture with river, qu's, aseleŋ, a sled, a river, the sun, the sky, and a forest.  Teacher elicits identification of each item with "ture akus?" (5 mins)
  3. New construction: asking location.  Teacher should elicit locative sentences from students regarding pictures drawn on board, e.g.
    T: Aselen biseŋ?
    S: Aselen ulbaŋ-qa.
    (5-10 mins)
Homework:

Translate the following sentences into English:
1. Etna baŋŋus qà.
2. Ture əkna asel.
3. Ulbanqa asel haj qu's.
4. Súùl hɨssej-ka?
5. Ēsqa i'.

Iriŋilketin kine ostɨkanbes!. (Translate these into Ket)
1. My teacher is at the river.
2. The sled is in the earthen shelter.
3. Are you at home?
4. Where is your houseboat?
5. Is there a little tent by the shore?